{"id":45533,"date":"2023-07-24T06:20:44","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T06:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/art.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/?page_id=45533"},"modified":"2024-08-17T23:45:38","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T23:45:38","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/art.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-2\/%d9%85%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"# \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 :\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985 \u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1889 \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u00a0 .\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 .<\/h3>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u00a0\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0649 : \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00a0 ” \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 ”\u00a0 1988 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 ” \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 ” \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1983 \u060c \u00a0\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u060c\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0 1999 .<\/h3>\n

\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 .<\/h3>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/span>
\n\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a .<\/h3>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 ( \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 ) \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 .<\/h3>\n

\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 ” \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a ” \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u00a0\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 .<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u201d \u062b\u0645 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u201d \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 .<\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u201d\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0640 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u201d \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 .<\/h3>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0643\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2008\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 . \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u201c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u201d \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u201c\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u201d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 cbc .<\/h3>\n

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\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986( \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u00a0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637 ) .\u00a0 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00a0 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2012 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 .<\/h3>\n

\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064b \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 – \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b – \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2023 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 .<\/h3>\n

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<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":38007,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-45533","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n# \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 . . \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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content=\"https:\/\/art.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/\u0639\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-2\/\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0631-\u0645\u0646-\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621-\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062c\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-17T23:45:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/art.sohag-univ.edu.eg\/main\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Picture1-2-qbhjenym8la5fedw1yoh3yfnmsakenwo4sehmfymns.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"14 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script 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